MOŽNOSTI PRODUKCE ODRŮD PŠENICE KE ŠKROBÁRENSKÝM ÚČELŮM V RŮZNÝCH OBLASTECH ČR

Možnosti produkce odrůd pšenice ke škrobárenským účelům v různých oblastech ČR

Possibilities of production of wheat varieties for the starch purposesin the different regions of the Czech republic

Radek Vavera, Ivana Capouchová, Jiří Petr

Czech university of agriculture in Prague

Souhrn, klíčová slova

Cílem pokusů s vybraným souborem odrůd ozimé pšenice z různých agroekologických podmínek bylo zhodnotit tyto odrůdy z hlediska vhodnosti a využitelnosti pro škrobárenské účely, posoudit vliv odrůdy a pěstitelské lokality na obsah škrobu, lepku a další jakostní ukazatele a pozornost věnovat zejména možnostem pěstování škrobárenské pšenice v marginálních oblastech. Z domácího šlechtění vykazovala uspokojivě vysokou škrobnatost odrůda Siria, ze zahraničních odrůd zapsaných do Státní odrůdové knihy Estica, Versailles a Contra. Tyto odrůdy jsou doporučovány pro pěstování do obilnářské i bramborářské oblasti, kde jsou schopny poskytovat solidní výnosy.

Klíčová slova: ozimá pšenice, odrůdy, produkce škrobu

Summary, keywords

The aim of the field experiments with the selected collection of winter wheat varieties from different agroecological conditions was to evaluate these varieties from the point of view of their suitability for the starch production, to appreciate the influence of variety and growing locality to content of starch, gluten and other qualitative parameters and to give attention especially to possibilities of growing wheat for starch production in marginal regions. From the Czech breeding was obtained satisfactory starch content and wet gluten content at variety Siria, from foreign varieties Estica, Versailles and Contra. These varieties are recommended for growing to cereal and potatoe growing regions, where are able to give good yields.

Keywords: winter wheat, varieties, starch production

Introduction and literal survey

The starch is after cellulose the second most spread carbohydrate in the nature. For human starch was and still is one of the essential plant sources. This natural polymer represents base of population food in the whole world.

Growing using of starch for the industrial purposes enables higher processing of the starch raw materials. In the european countries at present time increases especially importance of wheat as a starch raw material. During the last years the share of the starch consumption was about 62% corn starch, 20% wheat starch and 18% potatoes starch in the countries of Europe Union. A great part of native starch and modified starch is used for non-food purposes in paper, textile and chemistry industry. For future are important also ecological aspects of this natural raw material, as are degradable covers produced from starch (Munck et al., 1988).

In the soil and climatic contitions of Europe especially wheat seems to be very good source of the starch for many purposes of using - suitable conditions for wheat growing in Europe, not positive price of corn at world market and tendency of use own raw material sources, problem of local over production of wheat in the european countries, tendency of searching new trade outlets, not low profit from sale vital gluten (Marešová et al., 1999).

By the Czech starch producers union is for the year 2000 expected in the Czech Republic total starch production about 75.000 t, from this number about 30.000 t of wheat starch. During the separation of starch from wheat is separated also vital gluten, which is very important co-product by wheat starch production. That´s mean, it is necessary to evaluate besides the yield of starch of wheat yield of gluten and its quality, as well (Capouchová et al., 2000).

Methods and material

The selected collection of winter wheat varieties for the starch production purposes is evaluated on the Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague from 1996. The aim is to evaluate this wheat varieties collection from the point of view suitability for the starch production, to appreciate the influence of variety and growing locality to starch content and other qualitative parameters and to give attention especially to possibilities of wheat varieties for the starch production in the marginal regions.

For evaluation was used selected collection of winter wheat varieties from the varietal trials of the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing. There were following stations: Stachy on Šumava, Trutnov, Chrastava, Nechanice, Lípa, Hradec on Svitava and Domanínek. At the grain samples of the tested varieties were evaluated starch content (with polarimetric method by Ewers, ČSN 560512-16), wet gluten content (ČSN 560512-10) and any other parameters of milling and baking quality. The results of 1997 and 1998 are presented in this paper.

Results and discussion

The results of the wheat varieties evaluation are in the tables 1 - 4.

The obtained results showed influence of the weather conditions in experimental year and influence of experimental locality on starch content and wet gluten content. Nevertheless, from obtained results is possible to deduce following knowledges: from the czech breeding was obtained satisfactory starch content at variety Siria, from the foreign varieties Estica and Versailles. Very hopefull for the starch production is also german variety Contra. At these above mentioned wheat varieties was the lower wet gluten content, but this wet gluten was possible without problem to separate and it is important from the technological point of view. The above mentioned varieties would in the principle correspond to qualitative criteria for the wheat starch varieties proposed by Jurečka,Novotný (1996).By these criteria wheat varieties for the starch production should have higher starch content, medium wet gluten content and protein content, medium sedimentation test value, higher falling number value and amylografic maximum. Varieties of wheat for the starch production are included most of them to the qualitative group C, which is not suitable to baking use or to the qualitative group B (bread wheat). Different results showed wheat varieties Samanta and Hana, which are included to the qualitative group A - in these varieties was the highest wet gluten content, but the lowest starch content in meal (Petr et al., 1999, 2000; Vavera, 2000).

Tab. 1: Starch content in dry matter of meal of wheat varieties from different agroecological conditions - harvest 1997

Tab. 2: Wet gluten content in dry matter of meal of wheat varieties from different agroecological conditions - harvest 1977

Tab. 3: Starch content in dry matter of meal of wheat varieties from different agroecological conditions - harvest 1998

Tab. 4: Wet gluten content in dry matter of meal of wheat varieties from different agroecological conditions - harvest 1998

Wheat varieties, which seem to be suitable for the starch production are recommended for growing to the cereal, potatoe and even to worse potatoe growing region, where are able to give at the reasonable growing intensity good yields. From the results is evident, that the wheat varieties have higher starch content in the colder weather conditions of the cereal and potatoe growing regions. On the other hand, difference is not so great for conclusion, that the wheat for the starch production should be growed only in these regions. In the fertile growing regions is, however, possible to obtain with higher certainty the breadbaking quality of wheat. In marginal regions is possibility of obtaining of qualitative parameters of breadbaking wheat substantially lower and that´s why would be possible to orientate here wheat production for the starch purposes (Petr et al., 1999, 2000; Capouchová, 2000).

Conclusion

From the wheat varieties evaluated from the point of view their suitability for the starch production purposes were obtained satisfactory results at varieties Siria, Estica, Versailles and Contra. There are varieties from the qualitative group C (Estica, Versailles, Contra) and B (Siria). All these varieties are recommended for growing to cereal, potatoe, even worse potatoe growing regions.

This research project was supported by the National Grant Agency of the Czech Ministry of Agriculture, EP 7226/97 08 “Wheat in marginal regions for production of starch“

Literature

Capouchová et al., 2000: Proc. of reports of conference “Agroregion 2000“, České Budějovice, s.183-185

Marešová et al., 1999: Proc. of reports of conference “Zamyšlení nad RV“, Prague, s.151-153

Munck et al., 1988: Starch, 40 (3):81-87

Jurečka, Novotný, 1996: Hodnocení jakosti. Zemědělec. Spec. příloha k pěstování a kvalitě pšenice

Petr et al., 1999: Výroční zpráva projektu NAZV MZe ČR “Pšenice v marginálních oblastech pro produkci škrobu“ za rok 1998

Petr et al., 2000: Výroční zpráva projektu NAZV MZe ČR “Pšenice v marginálních oblastech pro produkci škrobu“ za rok 1999

Vavera, 2000: Odrůdy pšenice vhodné ke škrobárenským účelům. DP, ČZU Praha

Contact address

Ing. Radek Vavera, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic, Tel.: 02/2438 2549, E-mail: vavera@af.czu.cz